Hearing your child’s cough can be stressful. You may wonder what is causing it, how long it will last, and when you should be worried. The good news is that most causes of cough are not dangerous and, in many cases, a cough is your child’s body protecting itself.

Let’s walk through what you need to know. 

What Is a Cough?

Cough is a reflex. It happens when your child’s body is trying to clear the airway of something irritating it, like mucus, germs, or smoke.

There are two common types of cough:

• Dry cough: No mucus comes up.
• Wet cough: Mucus may be present and can look white, yellow, or green.

Coughing helps keep the lungs clear. But sometimes it can also be a sign that your child needs medical attention.

What Causes a Cough?

Children cough for many different reasons. The most common causes are infections, such as:

• The common cold
• The flu
• Sinus infections
• Ear infections

Other common causes include allergies, asthma, and exposure to smoke or strong fumes.

In some cases, a cough can be caused by more serious conditions, such as pneumonia, whooping cough, RSV (respiratory syncytial virus), or something blocking the airway.

Understanding the cause of the cough is the first step in knowing how to treat it.

When Should You Be Worried?

Most causes of cough can be managed at home. However, you should seek medical care right away if:

• Your baby is under 3-months-old and has a cough
• Your child coughs nonstop for more than 5 minutes
• Your child is having trouble breathing
• Their lips, fingers, or toes turn blue
• You think your child may be choking

Call 911 or go to the emergency room immediately if your child is struggling to breathe or turning blue.

You should also contact your child’s provider if:

• The cough is getting worse after 7 days
• A fever went away and then returned
• Your child’s breathing becomes harder or faster

If something does not feel right, trust your instincts and reach out for help.

Special Causes of a Cough:

Some children cough because food or liquid goes down the wrong way. This is called aspiration. When this happens, stomach contents or food can irritate the lungs and may lead to pneumonia.

Children may be at higher risk for aspiration if they:

• Were born early
• Have cerebral palsy
• Have trouble swallowing
• Have certain genetic conditions
• Have congenital heart disease
• Use a feeding tube

Signs of aspiration can include:

• Coughing, choking, or gagging while eating or drinking
• Vomiting during or right after swallowing
• Changes in breathing during feeding
• Excess drooling
• Refusing bottles or pushing food away
• A chronic cough or hoarse voice

If you are concerned about aspiration, schedule an appointment with your child’s primary pediatric provider. Early evaluation can help prevent complications.

How Can You Treat a Cough at Home?

If your child’s cough is caused by a virus or mild infection, simple home care often helps.

Fluids are very important. Drinking plenty of fluids keeps mucus thin and easier to clear. Warm liquids may also help soothe the throat and reduce coughing fits.

Humid air can help. Dry air can irritate the nose and throat. Using a humidifier in your child’s room may make breathing more comfortable.

Fever medicines can improve comfort. If your child has a fever, acetaminophen (Tylenol) or ibuprofen (Advil or Motrin) may help them feel better. Always follow dosing instructions and check with your child’s primary pediatric provider or an Imagine Pediatrics pharmacist if you are unsure.

What About Cough and Cold Medicine?

Over-the-counter cough and cold medicines are not recommended for children under 6 years old. Research shows that they do not work well and may cause side effects.

For children over 1 year old, honey can help calm a cough and loosen mucus. You can give 2 to 5 milliliters as needed. Never give honey to babies under 1 year old.

If your child is over 6 years old and you are considering cough medicine, talk with your child’s primary pediatric provider first. Be careful when reading labels as some cough medicines already contain acetaminophen (Tylenol) or ibuprofen (Advil or Motrin), and giving extra doses can be unsafe.

How Long Will the Cough Last?

Viruses or bacteria usually cause cough that lasts 7 to 14 days. Over time, the cough should become less frequent and less wet.
Some illnesses last longer. RSV may cause a cough that lasts 4 to 6 weeks. Whooping cough (pertussis) is sometimes called the “100-day cough” because it can last several months.

Vaccination is one of the best ways to protect your child from serious RSV and whooping cough infections.

We Are Here to Help

Watching your child struggle with a cough can be hard. The sore throat, coughing spells, and sleepless nights affect the whole family.

At Imagine Pediatrics, our goal is to help your child have more safe days at home. We work closely with your child’s primary pediatric provider or specialist and follow THEIR care plan. This partnership is one of the most important ways to support your child’s health.

If you are worried about your child’s cough, breathing, or feeding, reach out to your child’s provider or contact Imagine Pediatrics through the app or by phone. You do not have to manage it alone.

We’re Here for You and Your Child 

Imagine Pediatrics is dedicated to improving the health and lives of children with special health care needs. We provide 24/7 virtual and in-home care and support. Our integrated medical, mental, and social care is personalized to meet the needs of your child. We don’t replace your child’s current care team. We work with them to give your child more access to the specialized care they need, whenever they need it. Our services are often at no cost if they are part of your child’s existing health plan benefits. Learn more about us here or call us (833) 208-7770.

Legal Disclaimer

This information is for educational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always consult with qualified healthcare professionals for medical concerns. In case of emergency, call 911 or go to your nearest emergency room immediately.